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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445837130-I5PQC4EILH7CVY98ZMNS/EGTA_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Incidence of cleavage furrow development decreases when eggs are inseminated in increasing concentrations of EGTA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445972416-3PY8902Q7IEITQW3R2DV/Ca2%2B_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Adding CaCl2 restores the appearance of cleavage furrows in eggs inseminated in 1 mM BAPTA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446325522-QR0N2FBR3ES6T8PYML22/30min_Transfer.png Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445492406-DN37PVHG5YUPEHXSZJCD/Ca_Bar.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Added Ca2+ is not required for the development of embryonic cleavage furrows https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446465490-73E53LU7GH0SEJYUGCED/Perivitelline_Sperm.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1531836377187-4IDS9HM0UWMPDE2W2JP4/Manuscript.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ We figured it out...and published our findings here! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508520864257-X347371ICT315897WNQ8/CleavageFurrows.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Shown are an egg (left) and an 8-cell embryo (right). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445740523-90M7F0RO8J11ZN7H2BF1/BAPTA_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Incidence of cleavage furrow development decreased, with increasing concentrations of BAPTA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446620297-L2OKHFDU5XCCZ4TSZJQ1/5min_Transfer.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445740523-90M7F0RO8J11ZN7H2BF1/BAPTA_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Incidence of cleavage furrow development decreased, with increasing concentrations of BAPTA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445492406-DN37PVHG5YUPEHXSZJCD/Ca_Bar.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Added Ca2+ is not required for the development of embryonic cleavage furrows https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445837130-I5PQC4EILH7CVY98ZMNS/EGTA_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Incidence of cleavage furrow development decreases when eggs are inseminated in increasing concentrations of EGTA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446620297-L2OKHFDU5XCCZ4TSZJQ1/5min_Transfer.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508520864257-X347371ICT315897WNQ8/CleavageFurrows.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Shown are an egg (left) and an 8-cell embryo (right). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446325522-QR0N2FBR3ES6T8PYML22/30min_Transfer.png Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508445972416-3PY8902Q7IEITQW3R2DV/Ca2%2B_ConcResponse.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ Adding CaCl2 restores the appearance of cleavage furrows in eggs inseminated in 1 mM BAPTA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1508446465490-73E53LU7GH0SEJYUGCED/Perivitelline_Sperm.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1531836377187-4IDS9HM0UWMPDE2W2JP4/Manuscript.jpg Extracellular Ca2+ We figured it out...and published our findings here! https://www.carlsonscience.com/fast-block daily 0.75 2019-11-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1573763459497-FFI4FU2FOZHO0RPRLGYF/KnownPathway.png Fast Block The fast block to polyspermy in X. laevis eggs is activated by PLC induced production of IP3, Ca2+ release from the ER, and opening of TMEM16A channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1573763724599-6XH1KS1HPJOZOL9SQSIO/ControlTrace_CaPaper.png Fast Block Typical depolarization recorded from an X. laevis egg during fertilization. The dashed line denotes 0 mV, and the scale bar reflects 10 s on the x-axis, and 5 mV on the Y-axis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1573763459497-FFI4FU2FOZHO0RPRLGYF/KnownPathway.png Fast Block The fast block to polyspermy in X. laevis eggs is activated by PLC induced production of IP3, Ca2+ release from the ER, and opening of TMEM16A channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1573763724599-6XH1KS1HPJOZOL9SQSIO/ControlTrace_CaPaper.png Fast Block Typical depolarization recorded from an X. laevis egg during fertilization. The dashed line denotes 0 mV, and the scale bar reflects 10 s on the x-axis, and 5 mV on the Y-axis. https://www.carlsonscience.com/pip2-tmem16a daily 0.75 2020-08-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456525330-7BJ9F6FXJI1GVATQIPMY/Fig_3.png PIP2 & TMEM16A The PIP2 analog, diC8-PIP2, recovered TMEM16A conducted currents following rundown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456637060-CE3PM2KIMLHVNYSWT0TM/Fig_4.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Application of PIP2 scavengers sped rundown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598457063499-UGWA6HKME36AAE3IWHZI/Model.png PIP2 & TMEM16A PIP2 and Ca2+ are both required to open TMEM16A channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456361497-6B68VC1WMRPF2I2JMIX9/Fig_1.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Ca2+-activated, TMEM16A conducted currents recorded in the inside-out configuration of the patch clamp technique, slowly decay even int he continuous presence of intracellular Ca2+. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456723884-ENXQ8RVAPMFLUMT8WW3T/Fig_5.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Enabling rephosphorylation or inhibiting phosphatases slowed TMEM16A current decay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598457063499-UGWA6HKME36AAE3IWHZI/Model.png PIP2 & TMEM16A PIP2 and Ca2+ are both required to open TMEM16A channels. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456525330-7BJ9F6FXJI1GVATQIPMY/Fig_3.png PIP2 & TMEM16A The PIP2 analog, diC8-PIP2, recovered TMEM16A conducted currents following rundown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456361497-6B68VC1WMRPF2I2JMIX9/Fig_1.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Ca2+-activated, TMEM16A conducted currents recorded in the inside-out configuration of the patch clamp technique, slowly decay even int he continuous presence of intracellular Ca2+. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456723884-ENXQ8RVAPMFLUMT8WW3T/Fig_5.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Enabling rephosphorylation or inhibiting phosphatases slowed TMEM16A current decay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58bd8e2537c581c8b913b803/1598456637060-CE3PM2KIMLHVNYSWT0TM/Fig_4.png PIP2 & TMEM16A Application of PIP2 scavengers sped rundown. https://www.carlsonscience.com/zinc-fertilization daily 0.75 2023-03-15 https://www.carlsonscience.com/what-we-do-lincoln daily 0.75 2025-05-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1482862538550-FY1BXHQM6VX6J66ZJOOR/tumblr_mh1iruZWLf1rkz363o1_1280.jpg What We Do https://www.carlsonscience.com/projects-lincoln daily 0.75 2025-05-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1482863453329-0ERNXKV95FAXO1M2LRXJ/image-asset.jpeg Projects https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1482863621462-BHD98W3N8W2J7TVQ5I93/image-asset.jpeg Projects https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1482863507326-DEKX0WKE23NRONCRDIN6/image-asset.jpeg Projects https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1482863410422-7U5H0TKRGSIHUW33SY4S/tumblr_mjdttrQLOJ1rkz363o7_1280.jpg Projects https://www.carlsonscience.com/partners-lincoln daily 0.75 2025-05-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483632001134-250XNKJI2CHW92A0W9VP/logo-3.jpg Partners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483632001141-466VXYERRQMEV288VJ2L/logo-1.jpg Partners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483632001340-PTZLS73XAYBWGBCA7W3U/logo-4.jpg Partners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483632001361-IZDK7QCTGVGS7VG243UA/logo-2.jpg Partners https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483635279785-ZOA129ASG3L3DI7TA0LD/tumblr_mjua191TEp1rkz363o3_1280.jpg Partners https://www.carlsonscience.com/contact-lincoln daily 0.75 2025-05-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483635772228-5O7P4QFPGR4GN5FSEDNT/tumblr_mkrr2pZQ851rkz363o2_1280.jpg Contact https://www.carlsonscience.com/gallery daily 0.75 2025-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483648519051-76W398H55G8ONWSAO4QZ/tumblr_migjb4LxOB1rkz363o2_1280.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483648518806-3FF7HW2VKQID2XY6X13D/tumblr_mja0p2pDAW1rkz363o1_1280.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57e43627bebafb38f5a90dca/1483648519781-4PCJTDAJQU6XTYB8A8IP/tumblr_mjco89cUVY1rkz363o1_1280.jpg Gallery - 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